Lumpectomy is a surgical procedure aimed at removing a lump or mass from the breast, typically performed as part of the treatment for breast cancer. Unlike mastectomy, which involves the removal of the entire breast, lumpectomy focuses on excising only the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue to ensure that all cancerous cells are removed. The goal is to preserve as much of the breast tissue as possible while achieving a satisfactory cosmetic outcome. This procedure is often recommended for patients with early-stage breast cancer, where the tumor is small and confined to a specific area. Lumpectomy is usually followed by radiation therapy to eliminate any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and can be done through a small incision, with the exact technique depending on the tumor's size and location. Complications from lumpectomy can include infection, bleeding, and changes in breast appearance or shape. Patients may also experience localized pain, swelling, or tenderness at the surgical site. In some cases, there may be a risk of lymphedema, which is swelling due to fluid buildup if lymph nodes are also removed. Additionally, there can be psychological impacts related to changes in breast appearance or concerns about cancer recurrence. Despite these potential issues, lumpectomy is a viable option for many patients, offering effective treatment for localized breast cancer while preserving breast tissue and maintaining quality of life.
