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Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe and often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus, a member of the Filoviridae family. First identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has since emerged as a recurring threat, particularly in African regions. The virus is transmitted to humans from wild animals, such as fruit bats and primates, and can spread among humans through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals, including blood, saliva, and vomit. The disease has a variable incubation period, typically ranging from 2 to 21 days, during which individuals may not exhibit any symptoms. Initial clinical signs often include fever, chills, weakness, and fatigue, evolving into more severe manifestations such as vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired liver and kidney function, and in some cases, internal and external bleeding. The high mortality rate associated with EVD, which can exceed 90% in some outbreaks, is attributed to the body's overwhelming inflammatory response and multi-organ failure. Diagnosis is challenging in the early stages due to the similarity of symptoms with other infectious diseases like malaria or typhoid fever. Laboratory tests, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), serological assays, and virus isolation, are necessary for definitive confirmation of infection. Treatment primarily focuses on supportive care, including rehydration, symptomatic management, and treatment for secondary infections. Recently, antiviral therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and antiviral agents, have shown promise and have been incorporated into management protocols in some outbreaks. Preventive measures play a critical role in controlling EVD transmission, including community awareness, safe burial practices, and strict adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols in healthcare settings. Vaccination strategies have also gained traction, particularly the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, which has demonstrated efficacy in preventing Ebola virus infection during outbreaks. Public health responses typically involve surveillance, contact tracing, and community engagement to identify and isolate suspected cases promptly. Given the potential for Ebola virus to cause widespread outbreaks and its impact on affected communities, efforts to enhance global preparedness, improve healthcare infrastructure in endemic regions, and promote research initiatives are essential components of the ongoing fight against this deadly disease. The occurrence of EVD not only poses significant health risks but also has broader socioeconomic implications, leading to disruptions in healthcare services, education, and local economies. Continuous vigilance, investment in vaccine development, and the establishment of rapid response mechanisms are vital to mitigating the risks associated with Ebola virus disease and ensuring better outcomes for affected populations. As we advance our understanding of the virus and its ecology, coordinated international efforts are needed to prevent future outbreaks and to safeguard global health security against this formidable pathogen.