Bronchial thermoplasty is a medical procedure used to treat severe asthma by reducing the amount of smooth muscle in the airways, which can help decrease the frequency and severity of asthma attacks. During the procedure, a bronchoscope is inserted through the mouth into the lungs, allowing the physician to access the airways. A specialized catheter with a heated electrode is then used to apply controlled radiofrequency energy to the smooth muscle of the bronchial walls. This heat reduces the thickness of the smooth muscle, thereby decreasing the muscle's ability to constrict and cause airway narrowing. Bronchial thermoplasty is typically considered for patients with persistent asthma who have not responded adequately to conventional treatments like inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators. The primary reason for performing bronchial thermoplasty is to provide long-term relief from asthma symptoms and reduce the need for oral corticosteroids. By targeting the underlying cause of asthma symptoms, the procedure aims to improve overall lung function and quality of life for individuals with severe asthma.
While bronchial thermoplasty is generally effective, it can have some complications. Common side effects include temporary worsening of asthma symptoms, such as increased coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath, following the procedure. These symptoms are usually temporary and resolve within a few weeks. Other potential complications include infection, bleeding, or damage to the airways. In rare cases, patients may experience prolonged respiratory issues or a reduced response to asthma medications. Proper patient selection, adherence to pre- and post-procedure care, and close monitoring help minimize these risks and ensure the best possible outcomes.
