Swollen tonsils, a condition also known as tonsillitis, occur when the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat, become enlarged due to inflammation or infection. This condition is often accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and visible redness or swelling of the tonsils. In severe cases, the swelling can obstruct the airway or cause significant discomfort. The causes of swollen tonsils are primarily infectious. Viral infections, such as those caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (which leads to mononucleosis) or adenoviruses, are common culprits. Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus bacteria, can also lead to tonsillitis. In some cases, chronic or recurring tonsillitis may be due to persistent bacterial infections. Allergies, irritants like smoke, or exposure to environmental pollutants can contribute to tonsil inflammation as well. Less commonly, conditions like autoimmune diseases or cancers can cause tonsil enlargement.
Treatment for swollen tonsils depends on the underlying cause. For viral infections, the management typically involves supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce discomfort and fever. Gargling with saltwater and using throat lozenges may also provide symptomatic relief. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are prescribed to target the specific bacteria causing the inflammation. If swollen tonsils are due to allergies or irritants, avoiding these triggers and using antihistamines or other medications may help. In cases of chronic or severe tonsillitis, where symptoms are recurrent or complications arise, a tonsillectomy, or surgical removal of the tonsils, might be recommended. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the condition and ensure effective treatment.
