Shoulder pain is a common complaint that can arise from various structures in and around the shoulder joint, including muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, or nerves. It may manifest as a dull ache, sharp pain, or stiffness, and can significantly limit the range of motion, affecting daily activities. Causes of shoulder pain can range from acute injuries, such as dislocations, fractures, or rotator cuff tears, to chronic conditions like tendinitis, bursitis, or osteoarthritis. Other contributing factors include repetitive overhead activities, poor posture, and degenerative changes due to aging. In some cases, shoulder pain may also be referred from other areas, such as the neck or upper back, or result from conditions like frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) or impingement syndrome. Treatment for shoulder pain depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Conservative management typically includes rest, ice or heat application, and over-the-counter pain relievers like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Physical therapy is often recommended to strengthen the shoulder muscles, improve flexibility, and restore the range of motion. In more severe cases or when conservative measures fail, corticosteroid injections may be considered to reduce inflammation and pain. Surgical intervention may be necessary for conditions such as severe rotator cuff tears, fractures, or persistent instability. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to preventing complications, ensuring optimal recovery, and maintaining shoulder function. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for a tailored approach to managing shoulder pain effectively.
