Pressure inside the ear, often described as a feeling of fullness, congestion, or blockage, occurs when the balance of pressure between the inner ear and the external environment is disrupted. This sensation can affect one or both ears and may be accompanied by other symptoms like muffled hearing, dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), or pain. Ear pressure is a common experience and can be transient or persistent depending on the underlying cause. The most common causes of ear pressure include changes in altitude or air pressure, such as during air travel, diving, or driving through mountains, which can lead to a temporary imbalance in pressure between the ear and the environment. Eustachian tube dysfunction is another frequent cause, where the tube connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat becomes blocked or fails to open properly, often due to colds, allergies, or sinus infections. Other causes can include ear infections, fluid buildup in the middle ear, or more serious conditions such as a perforated eardrum or Meniere's disease, which affects the inner ear's fluid balance.
Treatment for ear pressure depends on its cause. For temporary pressure changes, simple maneuvers like yawning, swallowing, or chewing gum can help open the Eustachian tubes and equalize pressure. Over-the-counter decongestants or antihistamines may relieve symptoms associated with colds or allergies. For persistent or severe pressure, particularly if caused by infection or structural problems, a healthcare provider may prescribe medications or recommend procedures to address the underlying issue and alleviate discomfort.
