Palpitations are the sensation of an irregular or rapid heartbeat, often described as a fluttering, pounding, or racing feeling in the chest. They can be intermittent or persistent and may occur at rest or during physical activity. Palpitations are usually harmless, but they can sometimes indicate an underlying heart condition. The causes of palpitations can be broadly categorized into benign and pathological. Benign causes often include lifestyle factors such as caffeine consumption, nicotine use, or alcohol intake. Stress, anxiety, and emotional triggers can also lead to palpitations. Physical factors, such as fever or strenuous exercise, may cause a temporary increase in heart rate and the sensation of palpitations. Additionally, certain medications, including decongestants and stimulants, can contribute to palpitations. Pathological causes of palpitations involve underlying heart conditions. Arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or premature ventricular contractions, can cause irregular heartbeats and palpitations. Structural heart conditions, including heart valve disorders or heart failure, may also be associated with palpitations. In some cases, palpitations are linked to conditions like hyperthyroidism, where an overactive thyroid gland increases the heart rate. Symptoms associated with palpitations can vary. They may be accompanied by dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or fainting. In some cases, palpitations are isolated and do not present with other symptoms. Diagnosis of palpitations involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, or event recorder to evaluate heart rhythm and detect any underlying arrhythmias or structural abnormalities. Blood tests and thyroid function tests may be conducted to identify metabolic or endocrine causes.
Treatment for palpitations depends on their underlying cause. For benign palpitations, lifestyle modifications, such as reducing caffeine intake, managing stress, and avoiding stimulants, may be sufficient. In cases where palpitations are associated with an arrhythmia or heart condition, treatment may include medications to regulate heart rhythm, antiarrhythmic drugs, or procedures such as catheter ablation. Addressing any underlying health issues or contributing factors is essential for effective management and to reduce the risk of complications.
