Mydriasis and miosis refer to abnormal changes in pupil size. Mydriasis is the condition where the pupils are dilated or larger than normal, while miosis is characterized by constricted or smaller-than-usual pupils. Mydriasis can be caused by various factors including the use of certain medications or drugs, such as atropine or stimulants, and neurological conditions that affect the nerves controlling the pupils, like brain injury or stroke. It can also result from trauma or eye conditions that impact the iris or pupil. Conversely, miosis may be caused by opioid use, certain medications, or conditions like Horner's syndrome, which involves a disruption in the sympathetic nerve pathway affecting pupil size. Other causes of miosis include exposure to bright light or certain eye infections and diseases.
Treatment for mydriasis or miosis depends on the underlying cause. For mydriasis, addressing the root cause such as discontinuing medications that cause pupil dilation, treating underlying neurological issues, or managing trauma can help. In cases where mydriasis is a result of drug intoxication, appropriate medical intervention to manage the substance use is necessary. Treatment for miosis often involves managing the condition causing the constriction, such as discontinuing opioid use or treating Horner's syndrome. Eye drops or medications may be used to adjust pupil size temporarily, depending on the specific situation. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider is essential to diagnose the underlying condition accurately and develop an appropriate treatment plan to restore normal pupil function and address any related symptoms.
