Menorrhagia is a medical condition characterized by excessively heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding that interferes with a person's physical, emotional, and social quality of life. It is defined as menstrual blood loss exceeding 80 milliliters per cycle or periods lasting longer than seven days. Common causes of menorrhagia include hormonal imbalances, particularly an excess of estrogen or a deficiency in progesterone, which can result in thickening of the uterine lining and heavier bleeding. Structural abnormalities in the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, or adenomyosis, can also cause heavy menstrual bleeding. Other causes may include bleeding disorders, such as von Willebrand disease, thyroid disorders, pelvic inflammatory disease, use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for contraception, and certain medications, such as anticoagulants. Treatment for menorrhagia depends on the underlying cause, severity of the condition, and the individual's health and preferences. Hormonal therapies, such as oral contraceptives or progestin therapy, can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can decrease menstrual blood loss and relieve pain. In cases where medical management is ineffective or inappropriate, surgical options such as endometrial ablation, myomectomy, or hysterectomy may be considered to remove the uterine lining or treat structural abnormalities. Iron supplements may also be recommended to prevent or treat anemia caused by excessive blood loss. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to improving symptoms and enhancing the quality of life for individuals experiencing menorrhagia.
