Hypodontia is a dental condition characterized by the developmental absence of one or more teeth, excluding the third molars, which are often removed for other reasons. This condition results in a smaller number of teeth than the typical 32 in adults or 20 in children. Hypodontia can manifest as missing primary (baby) or permanent (adult) teeth. The severity of the condition varies, with some individuals missing only a few teeth while others may be missing several. The causes of hypodontia are often genetic, with a family history of the condition increasing its likelihood. It is frequently associated with genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia, or cleft lip and palate. Environmental factors, including certain medications taken during pregnancy or severe nutritional deficiencies, may also contribute to the development of hypodontia. Treatment for hypodontia depends on the number and location of missing teeth, as well as the individual's overall dental health. Options may include prosthetic solutions such as dental implants, bridges, or dentures to restore function and aesthetics. In cases where the missing teeth are noticeable and affect the bite or appearance, orthodontic treatment might be considered to improve alignment and spacing. For children with hypodontia, early intervention with dental specialists can help plan for future treatments and manage any potential complications. Regular dental check-ups are essential to monitor the condition and implement appropriate treatments to address the functional and cosmetic impact of missing teeth.
