Heavy periods, also known as menorrhagia, refer to menstrual bleeding that is abnormally heavy or prolonged. This condition can cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily activities, as well as lead to anemia if left untreated. Heavy periods are characterized by soaking through one or more pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours, the need to use double sanitary protection, or the passage of large blood clots. Common causes of heavy menstrual bleeding include hormonal imbalances, particularly an excess of estrogen or a lack of progesterone, which can lead to the thickening of the uterine lining. Other causes include uterine fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and bleeding disorders. Additionally, certain medications, such as anticoagulants, or medical conditions, like thyroid problems or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can contribute to heavy periods.
Treatment for heavy periods depends on the underlying cause, the severity of the symptoms, and the individual's health and preferences. For mild to moderate cases, over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help reduce bleeding and alleviate pain. Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs) that release progestin, or hormone therapy, can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding. In cases where structural abnormalities like fibroids or polyps are the cause, surgical options such as a myomectomy, polypectomy, or endometrial ablation may be recommended. For severe cases unresponsive to other treatments, a hysterectomy, the surgical removal of the uterus, may be considered. Consulting a healthcare provider is crucial to determine the appropriate treatment based on the individual's needs and medical history.
