Effusion of the knee, commonly known as "water on the knee," is a condition where excess fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. This fluid buildup can cause the knee to swell, become stiff, and result in pain or discomfort, particularly during movement. Knee effusion can also lead to a sensation of heaviness or tightness within the joint. The causes of knee effusion vary and may include acute injuries such as ligament tears, fractures, or meniscus damage, which can cause internal bleeding or inflammation leading to fluid accumulation. Chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or infections like septic arthritis can also cause knee effusion due to ongoing inflammation or joint damage.
Treatment for knee effusion depends on the underlying cause. For acute injuries, rest, ice application, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E) can help reduce swelling and alleviate symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to manage pain and inflammation. If the effusion is due to an infection, antibiotics or other appropriate medications will be necessary. In cases of chronic conditions like arthritis, ongoing management with medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications can help control symptoms and prevent further joint damage. In severe cases or when conservative treatments are ineffective, aspiration of the fluid using a needle, also known as arthrocentesis, may be performed to relieve discomfort and analyze the fluid for diagnostic purposes. A consultation with a healthcare professional is crucial to determine the cause of knee effusion and establish an appropriate treatment plan.
