Earwax, or cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It serves several functions, including protecting the ear from dust, microorganisms, and foreign particles, and helping to lubricate the ear canal. Earwax is typically a yellowish-brown, waxy substance that can vary in consistency from soft and moist to dry and flaky. The production of earwax is a normal physiological process; however, an overproduction or improper removal can lead to buildup. Causes of excessive earwax can include narrow or irregularly shaped ear canals, frequent use of earplugs or hearing aids, and excessive cleaning with cotton swabs that can push wax further into the ear. Symptoms of earwax buildup may include hearing loss, earache, a feeling of fullness in the ear, and tinnitus (ringing in the ear). In some cases, it can even cause dizziness or a persistent cough. Treatment for earwax buildup often involves using over-the-counter ear drops designed to soften the wax, making it easier to naturally migrate out of the ear. In more severe cases, a healthcare professional may perform ear irrigation or use specialized tools to remove the excess wax. It's crucial to avoid inserting objects into the ear canal to prevent pushing the wax deeper, which could lead to complications. Regular ear care and avoiding unnecessary cleaning can help maintain ear health and prevent problematic buildup.
