Ear drainage, also known as otorrhea, refers to the discharge of fluid from the ear. This fluid can vary in appearance and consistency, ranging from clear, watery fluid to thick pus or even blood. Ear drainage may occur suddenly or persist over time and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as ear pain, hearing loss, or itching. The nature of the discharge can provide clues to the underlying cause. Several factors can cause ear drainage, including infections, injuries, or chronic conditions. A common cause is an ear infection, such as otitis externa (swimmer's ear), which involves infection and inflammation of the ear canal, often due to bacteria or fungi. Otitis media, an infection of the middle ear, can also lead to drainage if the eardrum ruptures. Other causes include trauma to the ear, such as a perforated eardrum from a sudden impact or inserting foreign objects into the ear canal. Chronic ear conditions like cholesteatoma, an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear, can cause persistent or recurrent drainage.
Treatment for ear drainage depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotic ear drops or oral antibiotics, while fungal infections may require antifungal medications. If a perforated eardrum is the cause, treatment may involve keeping the ear dry and avoiding inserting objects into the ear, allowing it to heal naturally or sometimes requiring surgical intervention. For chronic conditions like cholesteatoma, surgical removal may be necessary. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment, especially if the drainage is persistent or accompanied by severe symptoms.
